The Ripple Effects Of Globalisation

December 4, 2021

Introduction

Globalisation, in simple terms, is the easy movement of goods, services, cultures, practices, and so on, from one place to another, making the countries dependent on one another in more ways than one. It is the exchange or amalgamation between people, communities, economies, companies, and governments.It means the increase in the frequency of movements and exchanges (of humans, goods, services, capital, technologies, or cultural practices) among the countries. An effect of The Ripple Effects of Globalisation is that it promotes and increases interactions between different regions and populations around the globe.

Globalisation has advanced since the onset of the 18th century due to progress in transportation and communication technology. It is associated with social and cultural aspects, primarily an economic process of interaction and integration. Ripple Effects Of Globalization is a social, cultural, political, and legal phenomenon. Its motives are idealistic and opportunistic, but developing an open global market has profited large multinationals based in the Western world. Its influence remains mixed for workers, cultures, and humble businesses around the globe in developed and emerging nations.

Diplomacy and disputes play a significant role in Globalisation and modern Globalisation.

“The increased interconnectedness and interdependence of peoples and countries. It is generally understood to include two inter-related elements: the opening of international borders to increasingly fast flows of goods, services, finance, people and ideas; and the changes in institutions and policies at national and international levels that facilitate or promote such flows.” WHO Globalisation is a social phenomenon as it leads to more significant interaction between various countries and regions. Culturally, the concept of Globalisation represents the exchange of ideas, values, and artistic expression amongst the world’s cultures. Globalisation representsa trend towards the development of distinct world cultures. Due to Globalisation, intergovernmental organisations like the United Nations (UN) and the World Trade Organization (WTO)have politically taken up all the attention. Legally, Globalisation has changed how international law is created, implemented and enforced.

Globalisation has resulted in:

1.Increased international trade
2.Companies becoming operational in more than their home country
3.Increase in the dependence on the global economy
4.Freer movement of capital or monetary goods and services

Types of Globalisation

There are three types of Globalisation. These three types influence one another. For example, liberalised national trade policies drive economic Globalisation. Political policies also affect cultural Globalisation, enabling people to communicate and move around the globe more freely. Economic Globalisation also affects cultural Globalisation by importing goods and services that expose people to other cultures.

1.Economic globalisation.

Here, the focus is on the unification of international financial markets and the coordination of financial exchange. The free trade agreements that are examples of economic Globalisation are the North American Free Trade Agreement and Trans-pacific Partnership. Multinational corporations function in two or more countries and play a prominent role in economic Globalisation.

2.Political Globalisation.

National Policies bring the countries politically, economically and culturally together are included under this kind of Globalisation. Organisations such as NATO and the UN are part of the political globalisation effort.

3.Cultural globalisation.

This aspect of Globalisation primarily focuses on the technological and societal determinants that are provoking cultures to unite. These include an increase in the ease of communication, the pervasiveness of social media and access to faster and better transportation.

Broad schools of thought under Globalisation

Beyond a general acknowledgement of an actual or perceived intensification of global interconnectedness, there is substantial disagreement about how Globalisation can be best conceptualised, how one should think about its causal dynamics, and characterising its structural consequences. The three broad schools of thought on these issues can be distinguished as:

1)The Hyperglobalist School of Thought

For thinkers like Ohmae, Contemporary Globalisation illustrates a unique era in which people are frequently subject to the disciplines of the global marketplace. In this new era ‘traditional nation-states have become unnatural, even impossible business units in a global economy. This view privileges an economic logic and, in its neoliberal variant, celebrates the emergence of a single market and the principle of global competition as the harbingers of human progress. Economic Globalisation is bringing about a ‘denationalisation’ of economies by establishing transnational networks of production, trade and finance-borderless economy where national governments are relegated to little more than transmission belts for global capital- simple, intermediate institutions sandwiched between increasingly powerful local, regional and global mechanisms of governance. There is considerable normative divergence within this framework between:

a.the neoliberals who welcome the success of individual liberty and the market principle over state-power, and
b.the radicals or neo-Marxists for whom contemporary Globalisation represents the triumph of oppressive global capitalism.

Nevertheless, despite divergent ideological convictions, there exists a shared set of beliefs that:

i. Globalisation is primarily an economic phenomenon;
ii. An increasingly integrated global economy exists today; and
iii. Neoliberalism as an economic discipline is imposed on all governments because of the needs of global capital. Politics had changed from the ‘art of the possible’ to the practice of ‘sound economic management’.

Economic Globalisation is generating a new pattern of winners as well as losers in the global economy. The old North-South division paves the way for a unique division of labour that is global and displaces the conventional core-periphery structure with a more elaborate structure of economic power. Against this setting, the governments have to ‘manage’ the social outcomes of Globalisation. The neoliberals within this framework believe that global competition does not necessarily produce zero-sum outcomes and take an optimistic view that things can be sorted out in the long run. However, the Neo-Marxists and radicals in this group view such optimism as unjustified and believe that global capitalism generates and augments structural patterns of inequality within and between countries. However, they agree with their neoliberal counterparts that traditional welfare options for social protection are difficult to sustain. Tacit transnational ‘class’ allegiances, cemented by an ideological attachment to neoliberal economic orthodoxy, have evolved among the new global economy’s elites and ‘knowledge workers’. The worldwide diffusion of a consumerist ideology imposes a new sense of identity among the marginalised, replacing traditional ways, customs, religion and way of living. As liberal democracy expanded globally, it further reinforced the sense of an emerging global civilisation defined by universal economic and political organisation standards with its global governance mechanisms. When the neoliberals paint the picture of a truly global civilisation, many radicals brand it the global ‘market civilisation’. The evolution of global governance organisations and the global diffusion and hybridisation of cultures are portrayed as proof of an entirely new world order that signifies the nation-state’s demise (‘ a transitional mode of organisation for managing economic affairs ‘). Transnational cooperation between peoples owing to global communication infrastructures and increasing awareness of many common interests is leading to an emerging ‘global civil society. Economic power and political power are becoming effectively denationalised and diffused such that nation-states are increasingly becoming ‘a transitional mode of organisation for managing economic affairs.

2)The Sceptic School of Thought

Bringing in statistical data of world flows of trade, investment and labour from the 19th century, the sceptics maintain that current levels of economic interdependence are by no means historically unprecedented. The sceptics reject the hyperglobalists’ thesis for the following reasons:

a.Sceptics argue that Globalisation is a myth as there is no existence of a perfectly integrated worldwide economy in which the ‘law of one price’ prevails. Instead, the historical evidence best confirms only heightened levels of internationalisation; that is, interactions between predominantly national economies and economic integration remains much less significant than in the 19th century.
b.Since the hyperglobalist thesis underrates the lasting power of sovereign regimes to control international economic activity, the sceptics consider it inherently flawed as well as politically naïve.
c.The forces of internationalisation, rather than being out of control, themselves depend on the regulatory power of national governments to ensure continuing economic Globalisation.

Economic activity undergoing a significant ‘regionalisation’ as the world’s economy revolves around three major trading and financial blocs, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and North America, is demonstrated by the current evidence to most sceptics. Therefore, the world economy is notably less multicultural than it once was. Globalisation and regionalisation are conceived as contradictory tendencies among the sceptics.Sceptics also discount the presumption that internationalisation prefigures the emergence of a new, less state-centric world order. Instead, they point to the growing centrality of governments in the regulation and active promotion of cross-border economic activity. Therefore, governments are not the passive victims of internationalisation but, on the contrary, their primary architects.Gilpin considers internationalisation largely a by-product of the US-initiated multilateral economic order, which created the impetus for the liberalisation of national economies in the aftermath of the Second World War. Callinicos and others, from a very different perspective, explain that a distinct period of Western hegemony in which sovereign governments being the agents of monopoly capital are deeply implicated leads to the intensification of global trade and foreign investments. An erosion of North-South inequalities has not accompanied internationalisation.

On the contrary, the growing economic marginalisation of many ‘Third World’ states due to trade and investment flows in the rich North intensified the exclusion of much of the rest of the globe. According to many sceptics, such inequality contributes to the advance of both fundamentalism and aggressive nationalism. Rather than the emergence of a global civilisation, as the hyperglobalizers predict, the world is fragmenting into civilisational blocs and cultural and ethnic enclaves. The notion of cultural homogenisation and global culture is thus further myths. The deepening of global disparities, the realpolitik of international relationships, and the ‘clash of civilisations’ expose the illusory nature of ‘global governance’ in so far as world order management prevails, as it has since the last century, overwhelmingly the preserve of Western states. Thus, global governance and economic internationalisation are conceived by sceptics as primarily Western projects, the main object of which is to sustain the primacy of the West in world affairs. According to E.H. Carr ‘international order and “international solidarity” will always be slogans of those who feel strong enough to impose them on others.”

3)The Transformationalists School of Thought

Reject both the hyperglobalist rhetoric of the end of the sovereign nation-state and the sceptics’ claim that nothing much has changed. They argue that Globalisation is transforming or reconstituting the power and authority of national governments. The doctrine of sovereign statehood has always readily adapted to changing historical realities. So, a new sovereignty regime displaces traditional statehood conceptions as an absolute, indivisible, territorial exclusive and zero-sum form of public power. The transformationalist school of thought is bolstered by creating strong new non-territorial forms of economic and political organisation in the global arena, such as MNCs, transnational social movements, international regulatory bodies, and so on. The concept of world order is no longer solely state-centric or even predominantly state-governed. The authority has become increasingly diffused among public and private agencies at the local, national, regional and global levels. In this changing global order, the form and functions of the state are having to adapt as governments seek coherent strategies of engaging with a globalising world. Distinctive strategies are being followed from the model of the minimal neoliberal state to the models of the developmental state (government as the leading promoter of economic expansion) and the catalytic state (government as a facilitator of coordinated and collective action). Governments have become increasingly outward-looking as they seek to pursue cooperative strategies and construct international regulatory regimes to manage the growing array of cross-border issues effectively.Instead of bringing about the ‘death of the state,’ Globalisation has promoted a variety of adjustment mechanisms and, in some ways, a more activist state.

Causes for Globalisation

Several key factors have influenced the process of Globalisation:

1)Transportation improvements –The cost of carrying products between nations has dropped due to larger cargo ships. When working on a bigger scale, economies of scale can lower the cost per item. Transportation improvements also allow commodities and people to travel more swiftly.

2)Freedom of trade –MNCs and wealthy capitalist nations have long pushed for global free trade to grow their wealth and power. Free trade between nations is promoted by international organisations such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), which helps to reduce obstacles between countries.

3)Improvements in communications –Contact technology such as the internet, email, and mobile phones have enabled more communication between people in various nations and assisted multinational corporations in their global operations. Globalisation has also benefited from the rise of satellite TV networks such as Sky and CNN, which have created global marketing opportunities for the notion and goods of globalisation.

4)Labour availability and skills –Countries like India have lower labour costs (about one-third of the UK) and high skill levels. Labour-intensive industries such as clothing can take advantage of cheaper labour costs and reduced legal restrictions in LEDCs.

5)Global Banking –Huge sums of money may now move freely and instantaneously throughout the world thanks to modern communication technologies. Every day, worldwide stock exchanges in places like New York, London, and Tokyo trade the equivalent of up to $US 1.3 trillion.

6)Growth of MNC’s – The rapid growth of big MNC’s such as Microsoft, McDonald’s and Nike is a cause and a consequence of Globalisation. The investment of MNC’s in farms, mines and factories across the world is a significant part of Globalisation. Globalisation allows MNC’s to produce goods and services and sell products on a massive scale throughout the world.

Challenges to Ripple Effects Of Globalisation

Environmentalists, anti-poverty activists, and trade unionists are among those who oppose globalisation. The challenges concerning the concept of Globalisation are as follows:

1.Economic Effects

The economic growth stimulated by Globalisation, despite its benefits, has not been done without awakening criticism. The consequences of Globalisation are far from homogeneous: income inequalities, disproportional wealth and trades that benefit parties differently. Some factors like countries, companies and individuals are factors that benefit more from Globalisation is a criticism. In contrast, others are sometimes perceived as the “losers” of Globalisation. A recent statement from Oxfam asserts that 82% of the world’s produced wealth goes to 1% of the population.

2.Terrorism Worldwide Consequences

In most developed countries, it is a big issue. People travel extensively as a result of globalisation. Some of them relocate to another country to study, do business, visit family, work or seek medical treatment. However, not every one of them is truthful. Many terrorists enter a foreign nation on a work visa to carry out terrorist acts. It is an issue that has caused residents to be fearful of their neighbours. Terrorists, unfortunately, attract young people who are citizens of the nation and convince them that they are doing the right thing. As a result, fear, mistrust, and conflict exist in many civilisations.

3.Job Insecurity due to Global Influence Ripples

Prior to the advent of globalisation, skilled workers were employed in government and private sectors, where they were paid well. Those who completed college and received a degree were eligible for job options. People would quit their jobs and find new ones soon. Many individuals are looking for jobs all across the world as a result of globalisation. Employers profit from low-wage workers. Because the employer may locate a talented worker willing to work for a lower wage, one might be fired for making a minor error.

4.Displacements of Workers

There are job possibilities all across the world, thanks to globalisation. On the other hand, most people have had to abandon their families for long periods to work overseas. As a result, spouses have divorced, remarried, and abandoned their children to volunteers and shelters. Because the money they receive from their employment is insufficient, some children have not addressed their elderly parents’ requirements. Sicknesses and a lack of financial and emotional assistance from their offspring cause many elders to pass away.

5.Unemployment

Until Globalisation took hold, over half of the working population in practically all developing nations relied on informal labour in sectors. As technology has advanced, such jobs have become less common, while the worldwide demand for trained individuals has expanded. Because of the tremendous demand produced by globalisation, most people in developing nations lack skills, and the available employment is low-paying. Because most individuals are unemployed and unable to fulfil their basic requirements, criminal behaviours such as burglary, pickpocketing, murder, and drug misuse are rising. As the wealth gap between the affluent and the poor increases, the rate of unemployment and poverty continues to rise.

6.Price Instability

Globalisation has a significant impact on business because of price unpredictability. Some entrepreneurs start businesses in other countries to source inexpensive raw materials and labour, decrease manufacturing expenses, and offer their products at a low cost. Some high-quality items have different pricing due to competition, and the World Trade Organization has failed to manage price volatility no matter how hard they try. These businesses use cutting-edge technology to communicate with their customers. Those who can discover a competitive edge and produce high-quality items at a low cost have a successful business.

7.Currency Fluctuation

The US dollar is used in international trade to acquire and sell goods. The dollar’s value swings daily in developing nations, resulting in an unstable economy and irregular prices for products and services. IGOs have the most significant impact on national currencies.

8.Causes Environmental Damage

Businesses have boosted output to fulfil global demand as a result of globalisation. Increased production implies more natural resources are consumed, which might be depleted before renewing, causing environmental damage. Furthermore, environmental protection policies and regulations in poor nations are less stringent than in industrialised countries. As a result, several multinational corporations have relocated to developing nations to take advantage of the lack of regulation in manufacturing environmentally damaging products. More commerce requires more transportation, which depletes fossil fuels and pollutes the environment. Many opponents have also pointed out that Globalisation has negative consequences for the environment. Therefore, the extensive development of transport that has been the source of Globalisation is also responsible for severe environmental obstacles such as emission of greenhouse gasses, air pollution or global warming. Simultaneously, global economic growth and industrial productivities are both the driving force and the significant consequences of Globalisation. They also have considerable environmental consequences as they contribute to the depletion of natural resources, deforestation, ecosystems’ destruction, and biodiversity loss. The worldwide distribution of goods also creates a big garbage problem, especially concerning plastic pollution.

9.Cultural Loss

Aside from the positives of encouraging cultural interactions, globalisation also homogenised the world’s cultures. As a result, certain countries’ cultural traits are vanishing, from languages to traditions and even unique sectors. As a result, according to UNESCO, balancing the benefits of globalisation with the preservation of local culture’s distinctiveness necessitates caution. Websites like Facebook, Whatsapp, Instagram, Twitter, and others bring people from all over the world together. As the globe grows more unified, unique cultures are overlooked, favouring a more uniform culture, resulting in the culture becoming partly lost in the process. Every group, civilisation, or nation has its own set of values and beliefs or culture. They are necessary because they shape people’s acceptable behaviour in a given community. The elders or leaders make sure that the people follow moral guidelines. Globalisation, on the other hand, mingled many civilisations. People began to reevaluate their original norms and rituals, considering their culture to be primitive. Some developing-country states have adopted Western culture and abandoned their own. Because they are seen as backward and primitive by world society, community leaders can no longer pursue their internal policy of punishing citizens for crimes as they used to. They embrace a culture that is odd and alien to their nature; due to this policy, individuals act in ways contrary to current rules. As a result, there is a spike in crimes like rape, divorce, and domestic violence.

Increased Lifestyle diseases

Consumption of processed foods has increased due to globalisation, as has the use of pesticides in crop cultivation to reduce the period of growth and boost profit. Animals such as cows are fed chemicals that cause them to produce a lot of milk or gain weight for those sold for the meat industry to benefit from the company. Chronic illnesses are on the rise as a result of increasing chemical consumption from meals. The death rate is high. Furthermore, in underdeveloped nations, life expectancy is decreasing.

Local Systems Displaced

Countries adopt Globalisation, the process of the growing integration of economies and societies worldwide, to improve their economic status through gains from trade. It brings in an increased flow of information, multilateral trade, and higher financial openness. Increased commerce and market openness might influence local commons and encourage environmental initiatives. Rapid extraction under Globalisation has a significant chance of depleting commons for short-term advantages. For example, the depletion of Atlantic Cod results from overexploitation and unmanaged extraction in a global market. Externalities, which reach outside an activity domain, can traverse global, regional, and local scales and influence local commons. Ecological footprint analysis can characterise the impacts of human activities. Another relevant concept in evaluating the impacts of Globalisation is the trade-in embodied water of trading commodities referred to as virtual water. Ostrom (2012) uses the term “Nested, Polycentric Externalities” for the case of climate change for decisions that impact units organised at different scales. Development of adaptation strategies to handle these complex, often negative externalities becomes essential to sustain commons. An approach uses ecosystem theory to guide adaptation strategies that could impart commons to adapt to new environments created by Globalisation. This study proposes a multi-scale systems approach to improve the adaptive capacities of many local commons threatened by Globalisation. Globalisation can increase resource exploitation in exporting countries, with rapid geographic and temporal spread in extraction rates. Rapid exploitation of specific energy sources, exploitation of virtual water, increase in pollution, loss of biodiversity, depletion of fish stocks, and biological invasions.

Challenges in Immigration

Human migration is unavoidable while studying globalisation. People travel across borders to sell their labour, capital, and ideas in marketplaces that provide possibilities that are not accessible in their native nations. Opponents of globalisation’s consequences frequently raise concerns about migration. According to the World Economic Forum, worries about policies enabling free movement of people from one EU nation to another fueled the recent “Brexit” decision to separate Britain from the EU. “Much of the anxiety about immigration arose from anxieties (true or imagined) about the quantity of new people arriving on British shores and what that would imply for employment, the economy, and everyday life in Britain.” Globalisation is as ancient as human migration itself, and it is currently accelerated by technology ranging from container shipping to contemporary air travel to the Internet. For millennia, people and products have travelled along essential trading routes such as the Silk Road. Traders had been plying the Indian Ocean and other bodies of water for centuries before the 15th century when the so-called “Age of Discovery” began a cascading series of new commercial and migration linkages between the Old and New Worlds. Some modern proponents of unrestricted globalisation say that a worldwide “open borders” policy for migration would allow labour to be distributed significantly more effectively, resulting in significant improvements in global GDP. Others are sceptical, claiming that no country engages in really free trade and that migration limits and trade rules are required to defend particular countries’ economies.

Trade

In many developing nations, even ones that have recently undergone trade liberalisation, average tariff rates remain high. India is an excellent example. At least in some of the lower-income developing nations, trade policy remains an integral part of globalisation. Widespread use of computers, faxes, and cellphones, as well as the introduction of the internet and e-commerce, as well as faster and less expensive modes of transportation, provided opportunities for developing countries in some cases but also widened the gap between global firms and traditional industries in others. Globalisation provided developing nations with new opportunities to create jobs and boost their exports. In actuality, several developing governments competing for foreign investment provided multinationals extended tax vacations, expensive subsidies, and other incentives. Globalisation’s beneficial net impacts were minimised or, at best, postponed as a result of rivalry among emerging countries.

Spread of fast foods chain.

The fast-food industry is rapidly expanding. Nonetheless, emerging nations see some of the fastest development, altering people’s eating habits. “Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) has the most units, is the fastest growing, and has the most potential.” Most people prefer fast food because it is inexpensive and convenient, and it replaces home-cooked meals shared with family and friends. Sodas, burgers, and other highly processed and standardised foods with a lot of fat, sugar, and salt result from traditional diets and recipes, leading to a global epidemic of diabetes, obesity, and other chronic diseases. Meanwhile, fast food companies demand that farmers cultivate similar crops and livestock to facilitate processing, reducing agricultural variety.

Developments to Globalisation
9/11

In retrospect, we can see that 9/11 was a foreshadowing of what was to come: not the Globalisation of terrorism, but the Globalisation of terrors. The strikes sent a message that distance and boundaries are meaningless in today’s world. The United States will commemorate the 20th anniversary of the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, in the year 2021. On that day, 19 terrorists hijacked four civilian planes, flew two into the World Trade Center towers in New York, a third into the Pentagon. A fourth into a Pennsylvania field after passengers physically stopped the terrorists from reaching their target, which was widely assumed to be the White House or another US government building in Washington, DC. The hijackers were all from the Middle East, with 15 of them hailing from Saudi Arabia alone. All were trained in Afghanistan, with four attending the US flying schools, as part of an al-Qaeda (the “base”) operation planned, organised, and carried out by Osama bin Laden’s terrorist organisation. By the conclusion of the day, 2,977 men, women, and children had been dead, with over 6,000 injured. The majority of those killed were Americans, although people from over a hundred other nations also perished. Many people believed that 9/11 had heralded a new age of worldwide terrorism.Other al-Qaeda assaults, such as the train bombings in Madrid in March 2004 and the attack on London’s public transportation system in July 2005, followed. In addition, in March 2016, terrorists claiming allegiance to the Islamic State (ISIS) massacred 32 people at Brussels Airport. It launched a succession of smaller strikes (often using vehicles to mow down pedestrians). However, neither the US nor any of its allies have experienced another attack on the scale of 9/11 – or one even close to it.Economic crises of 2008 and the triumph of Donald Trump as well as other right-wingers and their anti-immigration stance Opponents of immigration in the United States typically focus on perceived negative consequences such as economic costs (job competition and burdens on education and social services), negative environmental impacts from accelerated population growth, increased crime rates, and changes in the long run in traditional identities and values. In a country where immigrants make up the majority of the population, anti-immigration sentiment can occasionally take the shape of nativism. With rising rates of unauthorised immigration, notably Mexicans over the Southern border and others who overstayed their tourist visas, immigration became a major topic again in the 1990s. The 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act established an amnesty to abolish all amnesties. Nonetheless, it had a little long-term effect on the influx of illegal immigrants. By 2014, the Tea Party movement had shifted its attention from economic difficulties, government expenditures, and Obamacare to President Barack Obama’s immigration policy. His immigration policies, they believed, were threatening to change American culture. They attempted but failed to defeat prominent Republicans who backed immigration reform, such as Senator John McCain. “Amnesty for Millions, Tyranny for All,” said one motto in the Tea Party Tribune. Trump blamed the financial catastrophe on the government’s hidden insiders, but he had another target in mind: immigrants. Trump staked his campaign on a hard-line immigration stance, complete with mass deportations, a ban on Muslim immigration and a border wall paid for by Mexico. He also claimed that Mexico was sending violent criminals, including rapists, to the United States. Labour Unions like the American Federation for Labour (AFL) and United Farm Workers were right-wingers and supported the anti-immigration stance. COVID-19 pandemic and deterioration of China’s ties with other countries.The coronavirus epidemic may be recognised as a watershed point on the way to the conclusion of the first phase of Globalisation in the coming years. Markets have expanded, supply lines have gone global, middle classes have risen, and new linkages have been forged during the last few decades. Recent political tensions have been exacerbated by a reaction against the increased open flow of information, ideas, money, employment, and people. As a result, immigration laws have been tightened, new trade and investment obstacles have been erected, supply chains have been shortened, technological decoupling has occurred, and a new emphasis on country-first politics has emerged. Coronavirus has already resulted in travel restrictions, official allegations, and a wave of xenophobic violence in several nations.

Depending on the level of human and economic damage this virus inflicts worldwide, coronavirus may one day be considered a significant turning point for the entire global economy. Recent surveys conducted by the Pew Research Centre suggest that China’s perceptions of handling the pandemic heavily influenced people’s views. As the pandemic has devastated economies and cost millions of lives worldwide, it is understandable for people to feel resentment and anger towards China, regardless of whether it is reasonable or not.

Furthermore, because it is the human propensity to recall unpleasant events more vividly and in greater detail than happy events, these unfavourable perceptions may endure for some time. However, these flawed perceptions of China may not be exclusively due to its management of the crisis. In response to inquiries about the virus’s origins, China’s diplomats have been more confrontational, using a tactic known as “wolf warrior diplomacy.” The Pew study should serve as a wake-up call for China’s government to reconsider its foreign policy methods, particularly if it plans to play a more prominent role in international leadership in the post-pandemic world.

Conclusion

In essence, Globalisation is about the world becoming increasingly interconnected. Today, countries are more connected than ever due to air travel, containerised sea shipping, international trade agreements and legal treaties, and the Internet. In business, Globalisation is associated with outsourcing, free trade, and international supply chains. Technological advances, particularly blockchain, mobile communication and banking, are fuelling economic Globalisation. Nonetheless, rising levels of protectionism and anti-globalisation sentiment in several countries could slow or even reverse the rapid pace of Globalisation. Nationalism and increasing trends toward conservative economic policies are driving these anti-globalisation efforts. Global trade is also made more difficult and facing rising threats from other factors, such as these:

climate change
decaying infrastructure
cyber attacks
human rights abuses

The Ripple Effects Of Globalisation is a longstanding trend that is in the process of changing and possibly slowing. There are advantages to the more open border and free trade that Globalisation promotes and negative consequences. In a modern, post-pandemic world, individuals, businesses, and countries must consider both sides of Globalisation. Learn how companies are rethinking global supply chains to avoid disruption and reap the benefits of Globalisation.

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